In universal: Platonic and Aristotelian realism …by the contemporary Australian philosopher David Armstrong, universals are perhaps not quite as immanent as they are according to the bundle theorists, but they nevertheless obey an Aristotelian “principle of instantiation,” insofar as no universal can exist without instances. Dabei vertrat er eine identitätstheoretische Position in der Tradition von John Smart und Ullin Place. David Malet Armstrong kann als die herausragendste Gestalt in der australischen Philosophie über beinahe die ganze letzte Hälfte dieser Zeit gelten. Armstrong: Sydney's most distinguished philosopher: life and work", "David Armstrong and Australian Materialism", "The KK (Knowing that One Knows) Principle", David Armstrong (1926-2014), Sydney philosopher, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Malet_Armstrong&oldid=1013648030, Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 March 2021, at 18:51. Juli 1926 in Melbourne, Australien; † 13. Armstrong, David Malet. Armstrong realises that we will need to refer to and use properties that are not considered universals in his sparse ontology—for instance, being able to refer to something being a game (to use the example from Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations). 1956 ging er nach Australien zurück und lehrte an der Universität Melbourne (1956–1963). Zudem wählte man ihn im Jahre 1998 zum korrespondierenden Mitglied der British Academy[1] und 2008 als ausländisches Ehrenmitglied in die American Academy of Arts and Sciences. As Armstrong has said on more than one occasion, he has found it a genuine pleasure to spend his life, as D.C. Williams once put it, “grubbing around in the roots of being.” Published: May 31, 2008. For although differentphilosophers … [22], In metaphysics, Armstrong defends the view that universals exist (although Platonic uninstantiated universals do not exist). David Armstrong ist der Name folgender Personen: David Armstrong (Fotograf) (1954–2014), US-amerikanischer Fotograf; David Armstrong (Fußballspieler, 1954) (* 1954), englischer Fußballspieler; David Armstrong (Bobfahrer) (* 1964), britischer Bobfahrer; David Armstrong (Fußballspieler, 1987) (* 1987), nordirischer Fußballspieler; David Armstrong-Jones, 2. David Malet Armstrong (* 8. Cookie-Einstellungen Diese Website benutzt Cookies, die für den technischen Betrieb der Website erforderlich sind und stets gesetzt werden. Armstrong gilt zudem als einer der wichtigsten Vertreter eines reduktiven Materialismus in der Philosophie des Geistes. [23], Armstrong's theory of universals gives him the basis for an understanding of laws of nature as being relations between universals, a non-Humean account of laws of nature proposed independently by Armstrong,[37] Michael Tooley,[38] and Fred Dretske. David Armstrong a bâti un système philosophique qui couvre aussi bien le champ de la métap… in Philosophie führende Aufbaustudium zu ab-solvieren. In A Materialist Theory of Mind, he accepted that mental states such as consciousness exist, but stated that they can be explained as physical phenomena. David M. Armstrong - 1973 - Philosophy of Science 40 (June):178-93. The wall being painted green is a truth for the proposition that it is not painted white and the proposition that it is not painted red and so on. Armstrong hatte Gastprofessuren unter anderem an der Stanford University, Universität Graz, University of Notre Dame und der Yale University inne. He initially was attracted to Gilbert Ryle's The Concept of Mind and the rejection of Cartesian dualism. [12] He also served in the Royal Australian Navy, in which his father had been a commodore. Ab 1964 war er Professor an der University of Sydney bis zu seiner Emeritierung 1992. It is primarily through his work that Australian philosophy, and Australian metaphysics in particular, enjoys … David Malet Armstrong (8 July 1926 – 13 May 2014), often D. M. Armstrong, was an Australian philosopher. Dort erwarb er 1960 den PhD. Das Studium schloss er 1950 mit Auszeichnung ab. David M. Armstrong. Armstrong uses the analogy of a thermometer: as a thermometer changes to reflect the temperature of the environment it is in, so must one's beliefs if they are reliably formed. Rather, it died mainly because of some virus that just happened to sweep through the population. Dies gilt auch für Naturgesetze, die Armstrong als Relationen zwischen Universalien versteht. • Berkeley's Theory of Vision: A Critical Examination of Bishop Berkeley's Essay towards a New Theory of Vision. Seine Arbeiten haben die Entwicklung der Logik und Sprachphilosophie maßgeblich vorangetrieben. His chief philosophical achievement has been the development of a core metaphysical programme, embracing the topics of universals, laws, modality and facts: a naturalistic metaphysics, consistent with a scientific view of the natural world. (1926- ) David Malet Armstrong's book Knowledge, Truth and Belief (1973, pp.150-61) contains an important analysis of the infinite regress of inferences - "reasons behind the reasons" - first noticed by Plato in the Theatetus (200D-201C). [18], Armstrong's development as a philosopher was influenced heavily by John Anderson, David Lewis, and J. J. C. Smart,[19] as well as by Ullin Place, Herbert Feigl, Gilbert Ryle and G. E. Armstrong rejects the KK Principle—that to know some thing p, one must know that one knows p.[54][55] Armstrong's rejection of the KK Principle is consistent with his wider externalist project. Objects have structure: they have parts, those parts are made of molecules, which are in turn made up of atoms standing in relation to one another, which are in turn made up of subatomic particles and so on. He justifies this by saying that the physical world "seems obviously to exist" while other things "seem much more hypothetical". [20] Armstrong collaborated with C. B. Martin on a collection of critical essays on John Locke and George Berkeley. From this fundamental assumption flows a rejection of abstract objects including Platonic forms. Eine zweite Ehe schloss er 1982 mit Jennifer Mary de Bohun Clark. [23], Armstrong further rejects nominalisms that deny that properties and relations exist in reality because he suggests that these sorts of nominalisms, specifically referring to what he calls class nominalism, and resemblance nominalism, postulate primitives of either class membership or resemblance. A philosophy might take its general inspiration from (1) commonsense; (2) careful observation; (3) philosophical argumentation; (4) the sciences; (5) "higher" sources of illumination. Armstrongs Hauptgrund für die Annahme von Universalien ist das von ihm so genannte truth maker principle (Wahrmacherprinzip): Für jede kontingente Wahrheit muss es etwas geben, was sie wahr macht. This allows the explanation of laws of nature that have not been instantiated. Juli 1926, Melbourne, Australien; † 13. [56], Armstrong receiving his doctorate of letters (h.c.) at Nottingham University, UK on 13 December 2007, Proceedings of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, Haecceitism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), "Why does Australia have an outsized influence on philosophy? Reviewed by Alexander Bird, University of Bristol. [28], In Armstrong's view, nominalisms can also be criticised for producing a blob theory of reality. Im Anschluss erfolgte ein Aufbaustudium an der Oxford University von 1952 bis 1954. Those universals match up with the fundamental particles that science tells us about. "The Nature of Mind" is a philosophical essay by David Armstrong, originally published in The Nature of Mind and Other Essays in 1980. '[49], Stephen Mumford said that Armstrong's A Materialist Theory of Mind "represents an authoritative statement of Australian materialism and was, and still is, a seminal piece of philosophy". Part II: God and Evil. In Sketch for a Systematic Metaphysics, Armstrong states that his philosophical system rests upon "the assumption that all that exists is the space time world, the physical world as we say". [42] Armstrong believes that the challenge that dispositionalism presents for his account of laws of nature is not in the case of manifested dispositions (say, a glass dropping on the ground and breaking) but unmanifested dispositions (the fact that counter factually if one were to drop the glass on the ground, it would break). David Armstrong is one of Australia's greatest philosophers. [21], Armstrong's philosophy, while systematic, does not spend any time on social or ethical matters, and also does not attempt to build a philosophy of language. In his essay The Nature of Mind, Armstrong outlines a philosophical account of the mind that is compatible with the Materialist scientific view of the mind. [45] Negative truths have truthmakers in Armstrong's account: he gives the example of a wall that is painted green. [34], Central to Armstrong's philosophy is the idea of states of affairs ("facts" in Russell's terminology): in Sketch for a Systematic Metaphysics, Armstrong claims that states of affairs are "the fundamental structures in reality". Armstrong then suggests that a supervenience relation exists between these second order properties and the ontologically authentic universals given to us by physics. To illustrate the theory, Stephen Mumford gives the example of all ravens are black. In Sydney war zu … Armstrong identifies the laws as holding between universals rather than particulars as an account of laws involving just particulars rather than universals would not adequately explain how laws of nature operate in the case of counterfactuals.[40]. Nach dem Schulbesuch in Oxford und Australien sowie Militärdienst bei der australischen Marine (1945/46) studierte Armstrong an der University of Sydney ab 1947 Philosophie. Zurück. David Malet Armstrong, oft D. M. Armstrong (* 8. Armstrong simply states that the disposition is simply in the nature of the instantiated properties of the thing which is supposed to have the disposition. He justifies this by saying that the physical world "seems obviously to exist" while other things "seem much more hypothetical". Armstrong's philosophy is broadly naturalistic. He previously married Madeleine Annette Haydon in 1950. Seine Hauptarbeitsgebiete waren die Philosophie des Geistes, Ontologie und Wissenschaftstheorie. David Malet Armstrong (born 8 July 1926), often D. M. Armstrong, is an Australian philosopher.He is well known for his work on metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, and for his defence of a factualist ontology, a functionalist theory of the mind, an externalist epistemology, and a necessitarian conception of the laws of nature. Bertrand Russell, “The Argument from Analogy for Other Minds” Gilbert Ryle, “Descartes’s Myth” David M. Armstrong, “The Nature of Mind” Multiple-Choice. Maya Eddon: Armstrong on Quantities and Resemblance (PDF; 2,4 MB), Philosophical Studies 136 (2007) 385-404; Daniel von Wachter: David Armstrong, in: Information Philosophie 5/2002, S. 24–29 (PDF; 46 kB) Daniel von Wachter: How to Misunderstand David Armstrong’s Theory of Possibility (PDF; 106 kB) Professor David Armstrong – obituary. He taught at Birkbeck College in 1954–55, then at the University of Melbourne from 1956–63. One bird could have escaped the virus only to be eaten by a predator on the day before its fiftieth birthday. "[41] Under the theory of Armstrong, Tooley and Dretske, such a coincidence would not be a law of nature. Armstrong vertrat einen reduktiven Physikalismus. His chief philosophical achievement has been the development of a core metaphysical programme, embracing the topics of universals, laws, modality and facts: a naturalistic metaphysics, consistent with a scientific view of the natural world. David Lewis produced a body of philosophical writing that, in four books and scores of articles, spanned every major philosophical area, with perhaps the greatest concentration in metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophical logic, and philosophy of mind. [43], Regarding truth, Armstrong holds to what he describes as a "maximalist version" of truthmaker theory: he believes that every truth has a truthmaker, although there doesn't necessarily exist a one-to-one mapping between truth and truthmaker. True/False. Danach war er in den Jahren 1954/55 als Dozent (Lecturer) an der London University tätig. His chief philosophical achievement has been the development of a core metaphysical programme, embracing the topics of universals, laws, modality and facts: a naturalistic metaphysics, consistent with a scientific view of the natural world. [44] The possibility of one to many relations between truths and truthmakers is a feature that Armstrong believes allows truthmaker theory to answer some of the criticisms levelled at older correspondence theories of truth (of which he believes truthmaker theory to be an improved version). The result of all this intellectual work has been that Armstrong, along with so many others of his generation including his good friend David Lewis, have changed the way philosophers do philosophy and see the world.
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