Oxford Companion to Irish History, pp. This sparked the Oxford Movement,[citation needed] which was to have wide repercussions for the Anglican Communion. In 1991, the population of the Republic of Ireland was approximately 3% Protestant. There are plenty of “ethnic Irish protestants” who Identify as Irish. [36], Despite the Penal Laws and the domination of an Anglican minority over an overwhelming Catholic majority, open religious violence seems to have been quite rare during most of the 18th century. In 2008, only 4% of Protestants in Northern Ireland thought the long-term policy for Northern Ireland should be unification with the Republic of Ireland, whereas 89% said it should be to remain in the United Kingdom. [24], In 1635, Lord Wentworth proposed a plantation of Connacht, which would have seen all Catholic land confiscated and settled with only English Protestants, with the hope of converting the Gaelic and Old English Catholics to the state religion. In our family we did not see 1798 as essentially sectarian, more as a war in which difficult events happened. Establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922 may have further accelerated this phenomenon as many Protestants were wary of living in a majority Catholic country and therefore chose to emigrate to the United Kingdom. [33], The Palatines responded well to the teachings of Methodism, with John Wesley visiting them several times. [21] This policy was used in the counties of Leitrim, Longford, northern Wexford, as well as parts of King's County and Queen's County. The Irish Free State later severed ties with Britain and was renamed Eire, and is now called the Republic of Ireland. I find this new curiosity refreshing. [13] This was followed by the considerably determined private plantation of counties Antrim and Down by James Hamilton and Sir Hugh Montgomery, which saw English and Scottish Protestants settling in their estates. North/South Church of Ireland divide deepens, Church of Ireland clergy object to conservative bishop’s appointment, Use of character references in rape trials needs to end, Diarmaid Ferriter: Dialogue key to unionism’s pursuit of relevance, Stephen Collins: Border poll talk fails to take account of loyalist anger. In 1604, the Scottish Catholic Randal MacDonnell, set about settling his lands in the Route and Glynnes in County Antrim with Protestants from the Scottish Lowlands. Dublin and two of the 'border counties' were over 20% Protestant. [41] The convention of 1660, called after the restoration of the monarchy, saw 137 parliamentary members elected, all of whom were Protestant. Even during the Troubles later in the 20th century, Catholics and Protestants within the Republic of Ireland got along perfectly well. [15], By 1607 a steady supply of Scottish Protestants were migrating to eastern Ulster, settling in the estates of Hamilton, MacDonnell, and Montgomery. Southern Protestants were one of two minorities created by partition. [35] By late 1711 only around 1,200 of the Palatines remained in Ireland. [31], The Penal Laws did encourage 5,500 Catholics, almost exclusively from the aristocracy and landed gentry, to convert to Protestantism. [35], From 1697 to 1728, various Penal Laws were enacted by the Irish Parliament primarily targeting Catholics of the aristocracy, landed and learned classes. [24] Across the island, the predominant doctrine within the Church of Ireland was puritanism, which like Presbyterianism, favoured simple and plain forms of worship and clothing. Protestants whom are born in the Republic of Ireland are Irish. "'A vestigial population'? The secret lives of Ireland’s Protestants. The figure in the same geographical area was over 10% in 1891, indicating a fall of 70% in the relative Protestant population over the past century. The effect of Protestant depopulation in the Republic of Ireland is dramatic. [25], By the 1660s, Catholics owned hardly more than one-fifth of land. We’ve heard our people were very badly treated in Wex-ford.” And we would get into a mutually enlightening, good-natured conversation. Discussions such as these have encouraged fellow historian Ian d’Alton and myself to publish an edited collection of essays on the broad topic of how Protestants tried to fit into their communities in the newly independent Ireland, from 1922. [22] This plantation would not see the light of day as Wentworth alienated Protestant and Catholic alike in Ireland,[20][22] and Charles I got into ever more trouble with Parliament. Your screen name should follow the standards set out in our. A History of Ireland in 250 Episodes, pp. Now, Wexford, with the 1798 rebellion, and the Fethard-on-Sea controversy, might be seen as difficult area for inter-religion relations, but in fact it is quite the opposite. [31] This elite would come to be known as the Protestant Ascendancy. In the 2011 census of the Republic of Ireland, 5% of the population described themselves as Church of Ireland (Anglican) or Presbyterian (93,056 and 14,348 people respectively). [4] Elizabeth made herself the supreme governor of the Church of Ireland. [33], Areas where the Palatines settled included counties Cork, Dublin, Limerick, and Wexford. [29], The death of Charles I in 1649 saw puritanism reach its peak as the Church of Ireland became restricted allowing other Protestant denominations to freely expand. Somehow, we had all learned since 1798. [24], Following on directly from the Irish rebellion, the English Civil War started in 1642 and quickly spread to Ireland and Scotland becoming the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Our mother and aunts were in the ICA, our father in Macra na Tuaithe. The Concise History of Ireland, pp. In 1833, the British Government proposed the Irish Church Measure to reduce the 22 archbishops and bishops who oversaw the Anglican minority in Ireland to a total of 12 by amalgamating sees and using the revenues saved for the use of parishes. The first Irish translation of the New Testament was begun by Dr Nicholas Walsh, Bishop of Ossory, who worked on it until his death in 1585. During Elizabeth's reign, the bulk of Protestants in Ireland were confined to the ranks of new settlers and government officials, who formed a small minority of the population. In the early summer of 1914, just before the outbreak of the first World War, the volunteers were enlisting heavily, putting pressure on London to implement Home Rule. Protestantism is a Christian minority on the island of Ireland. This is a question Protestants in the Republic have been asked more frequently in recent years, as the end of the Troubles in Northern Ireland has led to a new freedom to talk about many aspects of our society. [39], The outbreak of the American War of Independence in 1776 had an important impact on Ireland. [41] To help tip the balance of power in Parliament in favour of Protestants, Sir Arthur Chichester, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, established sixteen new corporate towns in Ulster in the 1610s. [31], The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 saw great numbers of Huguenots flee from France, with as many as 10,000 migrating to Ireland during the 1690s, including veterans from the Huguenot regiments in the army of William III. [20] They also sought to replace the preferred form of worship amongst Protestants in Ireland with the more elaborate and orthodox Anglican style favoured by Charles I. We had a hurling pitch on the farm. [5] During the reign of Henry VIII's son, Edward VI, attempts were made to introduce Protestant liturgy and bishops to Ireland. Protestants joined them, also as citizens. Perspectives on Southern Irish Protestants in the twentieth century", This page was last edited on 12 March 2021, at 00:25. An Irish translation of the revised prayer book of 1662 was effected by John Richardson (1664–1747) and published in 1712. Some Roman Catholics took revenge on Protestants or intimidated them, especially in the border counties with Northern Ireland: Donegal, Leitrim, Cavan, Monaghan and Louth. She said: “People in more northern parts tended to be descended from those who came from Scotland, but those around the rest of country were more diverse. One of the best estimates given for the scale of death during this period gives an estimated 112,000 Protestants, along with around 504,000 Catholics, dying from plague, war or famine,[26] from a pre-war population of around one-and-a-half million. [32] Few Presbyterians seemed to choose returning to their native Scotland. Eventually, the tithes were ended, replaced with a lower levy called the tithe rent charge. [22], Between 1640 and 1641, Protestants and Catholics alike in the Irish Parliament united in opposition to Wentworth, and pushed for the Graces—first arranged in 1628—to be confirmed as well as filing lists of complaints about his behaviour and practices. The experiences of Protestants growing up in the Republic of Ireland is being documented by University College Dublin for a major new oral history project. [3] Some forms of Protestantism existed in Ireland in the early 16th century before the English Reformation, but demographically speaking these were very insignificant and the real influx of Protestantism began only with the spread of the English Reformation to Ireland. With disestablishment, the last remnants of tithes were abolished and the Church's representation in the House of Lords also ceased. [5] The introduction of the Reformation to Ireland is regarded as the end of the medieval period in Ireland. The bitterness between Protestants and Roman Catholics was so great that one-third of the Protestant community had left the Irish Republic by 1926. [41], The Protestant interest in Ireland would be no less compliant to English authority than the Old English had been. Robin Bury, author of the book 'Buried Lives, The Protestants of Southern Ireland' Protestants made up around 10% of the population in the south in … If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. d'Alton, I. Often Northern Irish Protestants are also referred to as Northern Irish. [32], Dissenters often were tenants rather than landowners, and faced ever increasing rents as landowners sought to increase their income. Only Christ Church in Dublin survived this dissolution by changing its constitution from one of monasticism to a secular one that was based on that of St. During the colonial era, the number of Protestants in the south was considerably high until Ireland was partitioned. The Protestants of Northern Ireland have not been deceived by the sham ‘removal’ of Articles 2 and 3 from the Irish Constitution following the 1998 Referendum in the Republic, which merely substituted a claim of nationality for a claim of territory and jurisdiction, and even provided for the alteration to be rescinded should circumstances require it. It is both Protestant and Catholic. [30] In total twenty-one Huguenot communities were established the most notable of which was established at Portarlington, Queen's County. The Concise History of Ireland, pp. This led to the passing of the Act of Supremacy in 1536, which declared King Henry VIII of England to be the head of the Church of Ireland. [32] Those who could not afford to pay were forcibly evicted without warning. My sister and I did Irish dancing (badly, in my case), with costumes loaned for feiseanna by our neighbours, who happened to be Catholic. In politics, prominent Protestants have included David Norris, Ivan Yates, Jan O'Sullivan and Heather Humphreys, who is a Presbyterian. [38], Historian Francis Joseph Biggar states that the only options available for disillusioned Dissenters were to move to the towns, become a beggar, or emigrate to America, with emigration the preferred choice. [12] As puritanism refused to conform to the doctrines of the established church it became known as "nonconformity",[12] with those not adhering to the Church of Ireland being classified as Dissenters. [4] With few exceptions the Irish Catholic hierarchy conformed. [1] The establishment of the Irish Free State and the end of the union between southern Ireland and Great Britain, who were the main protagonists in Protestantization of Ireland, is one of the main reasons protestant population declined significantly. At the same time, in casual encounters people would again display that new curiosity: “Wex-ford? However, under Lord Deputy Wentworth in 1640, a further sixteen Old English seats were removed. [9], The Church of Ireland by the 1630s was a broad church that accepted various different Protestant practices and beliefs. Dublin and 2 of the border counties had over 20% Protestant. [31][36] Some of these laws, however, also targeted Protestant Dissenters. [6] Elizabeth's reign saw the introduction of a Gaelic printing typeface (1571) for the purpose of evangelisation;[7][8] the establishment of Trinity College, Dublin, to train ministers (1592);[6] and the first translation of the New Testament into Irish (1603). [31][36] Some of these converts were high profile, such as The 5th Earl of Antrim, whose conversion meant that in the province of Ulster there were no Catholic estates of any note. 452-3. [9], The 1641 rebellion in Ulster was largely a response to the dispossession of Irish Catholics during the plantation, and resulted in the deaths of thousands of Protestant settlers. [38] For the Hearts of Steel it was evictions and rents. [21][22], By the 1630s, Protestant settlers from Great Britain were migrating to Ireland by their own initiative, and helped initiate a colonial spread from the ports where they arrived and into the hinterlands of Ulster. Traditionally protestants in the republic have excelled at Irish language and gaelic cultural studies and have been at the forefront of literature in the English language. As a historian who often engages with the public at local history talks, I am often approached by people with stories they have never told before, about the intersection between Protestants and Catholics in their community. When I moved outside the community, to live in Dublin, it became clearer that the strong community friendships that typify Wexford and the southeast are not necessarily the same everywhere in the Republic. [43] Despite backing the restoration, as well as the system of episcopacy, it also asserted the Irish Parliament's legislative superiority over itself and its intent to set and collect its own taxes.[42]. Some would call this a healthy development", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Ireland&oldid=1011638937, All Wikipedia articles written in Hiberno-English, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The terms Protestant and Catholic are not really opposites. [32] By the 1720s, there was some redressing of Dissenter issues with the Indemnity Act and Toleration Act, followed by the Synod of Ulster in 1722 sending King George I an address of the injustices they faced. Some reasons for this failure include: a dedicated and vigorous campaign by Continentally-trained Catholic priests;[6] failure to make use of the Irish language,[8] the native tongue of around 90% of the population;[9] and the alienation of the Old English in political developments and the view amongst the Gaelic Irish that this was another attempt by the English at conquest and forced Anglicisation. The Dublin area saw many churches like the exquisite "Pepper Canister" – properly known as Saint Stephen's – built in the Georgian style during the 19th century. What has been the relationship between Protestants and the GAA in the Republic of Ireland? In 1861 only the west coast and Kilkenny had less than 6% Protestant. [13], That same year, the Flight of the Earls occurred,[16][17] which saw vast tracts of land in Ulster spanning the counties of Armagh, Cavan, Coleraine, Donegal, Fermanagh, and Tyrone, escheated to James VI & I. A History of Ireland in 250 Episodes, pp. [12][24] This was followed by puritan ministers who held Presbyterian sympathies being dismissed from the church,[12] causing some of the leading ministers to make an abortive attempt to reach America hoping to find more liberty for their beliefs. Oxford Companion to Irish History, p. 462. Is the Church of Ireland Protestant or Catholic? Photograph: Hulton Archive/Getty Images. Freedom of religion is provided for by law in both countries. [28] Whilst Protestants also guilty of disloyalty were to lose some of their estates, they ended up being given fines, the majority of which were never paid. Protestantism is a minority Christian denominational family on the island of Ireland. [31][36] In 1703, 14% of land in Ireland was owned by Catholics. As the Presbyterian church was not yet established in Ireland, Presbyterians were more than happy to join the Church of Ireland,[23] which then exercised a good deal of tolerance and understanding. [12] Puritans also went about establishing non-conforming Protestant churches such as Baptist, Quaker, Congregational, as well as Presbyterian. [38] They also had different tactics, which affected how successful they were. [31], The Penal Laws ensured that for the next century, Ireland was to be dominated by an Anglican elite composed of members of the Church of Ireland. This name will appear beside any comments you post. Bury is discomfited by this abandonment of a cherished separatism. [32] Having sided with the Establishment and fighting alongside members of the Church of Ireland during the Williamite War in Ireland, Presbyterians were hoping that their loyalty and efforts would help redress their grievances, and they did find favour with William III. Dr Ida Milne is a lecturer in European History at Carlow College, Protestant and Irish: the Minority’s Search for Place in Independent Ireland, edited by Ian d’Alton and Ida Milne, is published by Cork University Press, Teachers’ unions claim they have been ‘downgraded’, but the changes are backed by compelling public health evidence, Reactions to a row over seating arrangements in Ankara highlighted deep EU divisions on how to deal with Turkey. The previous pattern of decline started to change during the 1990s. 504-505. By … 106-7. In 2012, the Irish Independent reported that "Irish Anglicanism is undergoing a quite remarkable period of growth" due to immigration and Irish Catholics converting. [1][2] In the 2011 census of the Republic of Ireland, 4.27% of the population described themselves as Protestant. The work of translating the Old Testament was undertaken by Dr William Bedel (1571–1642), Bishop of Kilmore, who completed his translation within the reign of Charles I, although it was not published until 1680 in a revised version by Dr Narcissus Marsh (1638–1713), Archbishop of Dublin. The Protestant depopulation in the Republic of Ireland during 1891-1991 was dramatic. [4] In 1539, Henry dissolved the monasteries in Ireland.
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