132 No. Dukakis himself proved to be a passionless campaigner at crucial points in the race. The 1988 campaign featured an open contest on both the Republican and Democratic sides, as Republican Pres. His 2008 presidential campaign never gained momentum, and he withdrew from the race after placing…. "When I said I wanted a kinder and gentler nation, I meant it—and I mean it," he said. Dukakis won the 1988 Democratic primaries after Democratic leaders such as Gary Hart and Ted Kennedy withdrew or declined to run. Ronald Reagan was entering the last year of his second term. • January 1 – The Dell Computer Corporation is incorporated. He defeated Senator Bob Dole and televangelist Pat Robertson to win the nomination, and selected Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana as his running mate. April – The unemployment rate drops to 5.4%, the lowest since June 1974. Though many commentators criticized the Bush approach as negative and trivial, it worked. Babbitt, though he gained attention with a courageous promise to raise taxes to help reduce the swollen U.S. budget deficit, did not come across well on television. As a result, the vice president was able to depict his opponent as a dangerous liberal. When the votes were counted for the April 19 New York primary, Dukakis had finished first, providing a major impetus to his campaign. That role was made official in August at the party’s convention in New Orleans, where Bush surprised many politicians by picking Dan Quayle, a young and relatively undistinguished Indiana senator, as his running mate. No candidate since 1988 has managed to equal or surpass Bush's share of the electoral or popular vote. The vice president carried all but 10 states and the District of Columbia. Apparently in protest against the electoral college system, an elector from West Virginia, a state that Dukakis had won, chose Bentsen for president and Dukakis for vice president. December 16 – Perennial U.S. presidential candidate, December 19 – Gorbachev cuts short his visit to the United States and returns home to the Soviet Union, as thousands of people have died in, This page was last edited on 25 September 2020, at 15:47. Pat Robertson, a popular televangelist. Among the other Democrats, Babbitt, Simon, and Gephardt all dropped out along the way after failing to string together enough primary victories—or raise enough money—to continue. The 1988 United States elections was held on November 8, and elected the members of the 101st United States Congress. He selected Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas – who had defeated Bush in a U.S. Senate race 18 years earlier – as his running mate. When the electoral college met in December, however, Dukakis received only l11 votes. For the results of the subsequent election, see United States presidential election of 1992. In the 1988 presidential election, Republican Vice President George H. W. Bush defeated Democratic Governor Michael Dukakis of Massachusetts. Although Bush had called for “a kinder, and gentler,…, Biden pursued the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination but withdrew after it was revealed that parts of his campaign stump speech had been plagiarized from British Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock without appropriate attribution. The 1988 campaign featured an open contest on both the Republican and Democratic sides, as Republican Pres. Since the 1988 election, no candidate has managed to equal or surpass Bush's number of electoral votes won or popular vote percentage. Trailing his Democratic opponent in the polls late in the summer, the vice president made a risky decision; instead of stressing his qualifications for the job and his plans for the country, Bush would campaign against his opponent’s weaknesses. Home 2020 Election Results Election Info Weblog Forum Wiki Search Email Login Site Info Store. Biden retired from the race after he was caught quoting, without credit, from the speeches of Neil Kinnock, the British Labour Party leader. That left Gore, Jackson, and Dukakis. Neither the Senate nor the House saw any significant partisan change, and the Democratic Party retained control of both chambers. Gephardt managed to win the crucial Iowa caucuses, but his basic theme—trade protectionism—did not play well outside the Midwest. Dukakis won the Democratic nomination over Reverend Jesse Jackson of Illinois, Tennessee Senator Al Gore, and Missouri Congressman Dick Gephardt. Reagan's Vice President, George H. W. Bush, won the Republican nomination, while the Democrats nominated Michael Dukakis, Governor of Massachusetts. Detailed national-level Presidential Election Results for 1988. Embracing the "liberal" label and making a fiercely populist appeal, the governor began drawing huge, enthusiastic crowds. Much of Bush’s ultimate success could be traced to the relatively inept performance of the Dukakis camp, which was slow to respond to Bush’s attacks. Bush won the Republican nomination over Kansas Senator Bob Dole and televangelist Pat Robertson of Virginia. Ronald Reagan, the incumbent President, was vacating the position after serving the maximum two terms allowed by the Twenty-second Amendment. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Timeline of United States history (1970–1989), second-largest FDIC assisted bank failure, President of the Virgin Islands Legislature, "California Savings Rescue Begun by Federal Agency", Kraft Accepts $13B Buyout by Philip Morris, "Paint The Town Red:Mikhail Gorbachev's Visit to New York", "Contents Page December 19, 1988 Vol. July 6 – The first reported medical waste on beaches in the, September 5 – With US$2,000,000,000 in federal aid, the, September 17-October 2 – The United States participates in the, October 13 – In the second U.S. presidential debate, held by. United States presidential election of 1988. On March 29, after Bush won the Illinois primary with 55 percent of the vote (Kemp had by then dropped out), Dole withdrew from the race, and Bush became the Republicans’ de facto nominee. Bruce Babbitt, Delaware Sen. Joe Biden, Massachusetts Gov. The Republican Party retained the presidency, while the Democratic Party retained control of Congress. Dukakis, who was born and raised in Brookline, Mass., the son of Greek immigrants, went on to become the first Greek American nominated for the presidency. President Ronald Reagan had won two presidential elections, and the Democratic field faced a pretty wide-open race. Young, attractive, and Southern, with a reputation as a centrist, Gore appeared to have momentum after he won five Southern primaries on a single day, "Super Tuesday," March 8. He even edged closer to Bush in the polls. For the results of the previous election, see United States presidential election of 1984. United States presidential election of 1988, American presidential election held on Nov. 8, 1988, in which Republican George Bush defeated Democrat Michael Dukakis. With Reagan's support, Bush entered the 1988 Republican primaries as the front-runner. The Republicans, seeking a candidate who could match the stature and electability of Reagan, were similarly at a loss. Bush, who had gotten off to a poor start in the primaries, finishing third in Iowa behind Robertson and Dole, made an impressive comeback. Yet his campaign fizzled in New York, where he had unwisely accepted the backing of New York City’s controversial mayor, Ed Koch. Michael Dukakis, Missouri Rep. Richard Gephardt, Tennessee Sen. Al Gore, civil rights leader Jesse Jackson, and Illinois Sen. Paul Simon. Numerous contenders on the Democratic side entered the race. November – The unemployment rate drops to 5.3%, the lowest level since May 1974. Perhaps sensing those doubts, he attempted in his victory address to deal with "the vision thing" and reach out to those who had voted against him. By mid-August Bush had taken the lead in opinion polls. The Democrats had a net gain of one seat in the gubernatorial elections. Dukakis instead chose Texas Sen. Lloyd Bentsen to be his running mate. United States presidential election of 1988, American presidential election held on Nov. 8, 1988, in which Republican George Bush defeated Democrat Michael Dukakis. He never lost it, though Dukakis enjoyed a minor rebound after his vigorous performance in the first of two televised presidential debates. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. (The most controversial ad of the campaign, the so-called Willie Horton ad featuring a felon who was let out on a weekend furlough in Massachusetts and subsequently assaulted and raped a woman, was considered racist by many but was actually run by an independent group rather than the Bush campaign.) Bush won the election by 426 electoral votes. Vice President George H.W. Nevertheless, in the minds of many Americans—and especially the Democrats, who retained control of Congress—Bush’s negative campaign had left a sour impression. He outpolled Dole and Kemp in the February 16 New Hampshire vote and did well on Super Tuesday. One such moment came in the second debate, when he was asked by moderator Bernard Shaw whether he would still oppose capital punishment if his wife were raped and murdered. "My hand is out to you, and I want to be your president, too.". He attacked Dukakis as an elitist "Massachusetts liberal", and Dukakis appeared to fail to respond effectively to Bush's criticism. Three candidates who were somewhat more inspiring had decided not to run: former senator Gary Hart of Colorado, who dropped out because of a sex scandal, reentered the race and then dropped out for good; New Jersey Sen. Bill Bradley; and New York Gov. Bush's victory remains the only time since Harry S. Truman's victory in the 1948 presidential election in which either party won more than two consecutive presidential elections. On election day, November 8, Bush won 54 percent of the vote to Dukakis’s 46 percent. The results of the 1988 U.S. presidential election are provided in the table. Despite Dukakis's initial lead, Bush pulled ahead in opinion polling conducted in September and won by a substantial margin in both the popular and electoral vote. That was an unaccustomed accusation for Dukakis, whose three terms as governor had marked him as a moderate. Ronald Reagan. The president of the United States is the head of state and head of … By then, however, it was too late. .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{font-size:95%} Democratic gain Democratic hold. That lead did not last long. Accordingly, Bush’s speeches and campaign advertising focused on such ostensibly trivial issues as a Massachusetts prison furlough plan, Dukakis’s veto of a state law requiring public school students to recite the Pledge of Allegiance, and Dukakis’s alleged failure to deal with pollution in Boston Harbor. "The people have spoken," Bush said shortly after learning he had won. Despite Bush's victory, the Democrats gained a net of one seat in the Senate. Mario Cuomo, who simply declined to run. Seven seats changed parties, with four incumbents being defeated. Note: The Google advertisement links below may advocate political positions that this site does not endorse. 1988 Presidential General Election Results. Dukakis won 45.6% of the popular vote and carried ten states and Washington, D.C. Bush became the first sitting vice president to be elected president since Martin Van Buren in 1836. A few days later the governor was as far as 17 points behind in one opinion poll. Button from George Bush's 1988 presidential campaign, United States presidential election of 1984, United States presidential election of 1992, Presidency of the United States of America, Maps of World - U.S. Presidential Election 1988. This is a list of events from the year 1988 in the United States. None of the three, however, made it through the primary season. Bush won the popular vote by just under eight points, and won 426 of the 538 electoral votes. In the gubernatorial elections, the Democratic Party picked up one governorship. The convention ended on a note of uncharacteristic harmony for the Democrats, whose ticket was soon as far as 17 percentage points ahead of the Republicans in opinion polls. In large part because of Reagan’s continued popularity, Bush defeated Democratic candidate Michael Dukakis by 53 percent to 46 percent in the popular vote; the vote in the electoral college was…, …Republican Party’s nomination for the presidency in 1988, he secured the nomination and, together with his running mate, Dan Quayle, defeated the Democratic candidate, Michael Dukakis, in the general election, winning 53 percent of the popular vote to Dukakis’s 46 percent. 5", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1988_in_the_United_States&oldid=980275237, Articles needing additional references from July 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Ronald Reagan was entering Jackson, who by then had the second highest delegate count and was the first African American to mount a serious presidential campaign, decided to continue running through the final four primaries, California, Montana, New Jersey, and New Mexico, on June 7. 1988 United States House of Representatives elections, 1988 United States gubernatorial elections, "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1988", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1988_United_States_elections&oldid=949988524, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 April 2020, at 17:30. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! In the 1988 presidential election, Republican Vice President George H. W. Bush defeated Democratic Governor Michael Dukakis of Massachusetts. The Republican Party retained the presidency, while the Democratic Party retained control of Congress. The Dukakis effort finally caught fire in the last two weeks of the campaign. George Bush (right) offering advice to Pres. Governor of Massachusetts Michael Dukakis got 111 electoral votes. More pressing national concerns—the federal deficit and a host of domestic and foreign policy questions—went largely unaddressed. The United States election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties. Running an aggressive campaign, Bush concentrated on the economy and continuing Reagan's policies. [1] Bush won the popular vote by just under eight points, and won 426 of the 538 electoral votes. Results of the American presidential election, 1988. The seven major contenders were nicknamed the Seven Dwarfs. There were three interesting Republican alternatives: Bob Dole of Kansas, the Senate minority leader, who was respected for his wit and intelligence though considered by some to be overly acerbic; former New York representative Jack Kemp, revered among many conservatives as Reagan’s true ideological heir; and the Rev. Commentators referred derisively to them as “The Seven Dwarfs.” They included former Arizona Gov. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Bush’s success in winning the nomination was more due to the strength of his organization than due to his ability to project a clear vision of what a Bush presidency would be like—a deficiency that the candidate himself referred to as "the vision thing." Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. When the Democrats convened in Atlanta in July to crown Dukakis as their nominee, Jackson made a behind-the-scenes effort to claim the vice presidency but soon relented, fearful of splitting the party along racial lines, and contented himself with winning a few planks favourable to minorities in the party platform. Simon’s characteristic bow tie and old-fashioned big-government approach to domestic problems failed to attract enough support. Presidential Incumbent President Ronald Reagan was ineligible to seek a third term, due to term limits established by the 22nd Amendment to the United States Constitution. Bush won the Republican nomination over K… The nominal front-runner, George Bush, suffered from a reputation as a “wimp” who in 22 years of public life—as a former representative, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, director of the Central Intelligence Agency, and, for more than seven years, Reagan’s vice president—had failed to distinguish himself as anything more than a docile instrument of someone else’s policy. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The 1988 United States elections was held on November 8, and elected the members of the 101st United States Congress. Which future U.S. president made the “Checkers” speech in 1952? In the presidential election of 1988, Reagan campaigned actively for the Republican nominee, Vice President Bush. Instead of responding to that provocative question with outrage or earnestness, Dukakis delivered a cool, academic brief against the death penalty without once mentioning his wife’s name. The Democratic majority in the Senate increased by one from 54–46 to 55–45. Democrats won the nationwide popular vote for the House of Representatives by a margin of 7.7 percentage points, picking up a net of two seats.[2]. That gave him a 426–112 margin in the electoral college. Vice Pres.
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