[28] The only noticeable absence is Mitanni, which would bear the brunt of the following Egyptian campaigns into Western Asia. Steindorff, George; and Seele, Keith. ),[72] but the mummy was missing its feet, so Thutmose III was undoubtedly taller than the figure given by Smith. Officially, Thutmose III ruled Egypt for almost 54 years and his reign is usually dated from 28 April 1479 BC to 11 March 1425 BC, from the age of two and until his death at age fifty-six; however, during the first 22 years of his reign, he was coregent with his stepmother and aunt, Hatshepsut, who was named the pharaoh. Derrière l'Akh-Ménou, adossé sur son mur arrière, un petit temple construit aussi par Thoutmosis III. A l'époque de Thoutmosis III, le pays est dirigé par une aristocratie. [40], After Thutmose III had taken control of the Syrian cities, the obvious target for his eighth campaign was the state of Mitanni, a Hurrian country with an Indo-Aryan ruling class. [62] Farther south along the road, he put up Pylon VIII, which Hatshepsut had begun. He built Egypt's only known set of heraldic pillars, two large columns standing alone instead of being part of a set supporting the roof. The mummy had been damaged extensively in antiquity by tomb robbers and its wrappings subsequently cut into and torn by the Rassul family, who had rediscovered the tomb and its contents only a few years before. errichten ließ. Dynastie, Agnus-Verlag, Münster 2005, This page was last edited on 5 April 2021, at 12:18. [citation needed], A complete version of Amduat, an important New Kingdom funerary text, is in the vestibule, making it the first tomb where Egyptologists found the complete text. Thutmose's second, third and fourth campaigns appear to have been nothing more than tours of Syria and Canaan to collect tribute. Some remarks on the Hypostyle Hall: study on architectural elements of the roof structure. [27] Beyond the Euphrates, the Assyrian, Babylonian and Hittite kings all gave Thutmose gifts, which he alleged to be "tribute" when he recorded it on the walls of Karnak. The preferred tactic was to subdue a much weaker city or state one at a time resulting in surrender of each fraction until complete domination was achieved. No evidence exists for previous construction on this site. Świątynia w dolinie / The temple in the valley. [14] He was an active expansionist ruler, sometimes called Egypt's greatest conqueror or "the Napoleon of Egypt. Thutmose III encountered little resistance from neighbouring kingdoms, allowing him to expand his realm of influence easily. Ce texte, généralement désigné sous le nom de Texte de la Jeunesse 17 , expose le projet d'ensemble de Thoutmosis III : constructions et calendrier des fêtes du temple, dont l'intention était de s'inscrire dans la tradition de Sésostris 1 er . Les Egyptiens en ramenèrent de l'encens, des bois précieux, de l'or, de l'ivoire etc. In Zsolt Kiss (red. [74], Second Intermediate PeriodSixteenthDynasty Tombe de Thoutmosis III, vallée des rois Statue en diorite de Thoutmosis III. [62] It was inside this temple that Thutmose planned on erecting his tekhen waty, or "unique obelisk. Dans ces monuments [50] Part of the tribute list for his 12th campaign remains immediately before his 13th begins, and the contents recorded, specifically wild game and certain minerals of uncertain identification, might indicate that it took place on the steppe around Nukhashshe, but this remains mere speculation. Thutmose III was the son of Thutmose II by a secondary wife, Iset. [3] Thutmose served as the head of Hatshepsut's armies. Meyer, believed that Thutmosis had also subjected the islands of the Aegean Sea. [59] He commissioned royal artists to depict his extensive collections of fauna and flora in the Botanical garden of Thutmosis III. Added to this is the fact that the monuments of Hatshepsut were not damaged until at least 25 years after her death, late in the reign of Thutmose III when he was quite elderly. 16 Novembre 2013 Rédigé par … Thoutmosis III coiffé de l'Atef - Bloc de calcaire peint provenant du temple de Thoutmosis III à Deir el-Bahari. His reign was also a period of great stylistic changes in the sculpture, paintings and reliefs associated with construction, much of it beginning during the reign of Hatshepsut. It was built for use during his jubilee and was covered with scenes of defeated enemies. Despite the clear existence of a causeway leading up to the site, the temple remained hidden from archaeologists until the 1960s as the result of an ancient rock fall from the high cliffs above - scholars have posited the temple's almost complete destruction by landslide towards the end of the 20th Dynasty, some 250 years after its completion. East of the Iput-Isut, he erected another temple to Aten, where he was depicted as being supported by Amun. La campagne de fouilles de 2008 a permis de nettoyer le sol et de retrouver de nombreux fragments. Thutmose's two main names transliterate as mn-ḫpr-rˁ ḏḥwty-ms. By Thutmose's 35th year, the king of Mitanni had raised a large army and engaged the Egyptians around Aleppo. [29] Traditionally, the material directly after the text of the first campaign has been considered to be the second campaign. S'il avait voulu l'effacer de l'histoire, il n His jubilee hall was also revolutionary and is arguably the earliest known building created in the basilica style. Traditionally, these have been interpreted by early modern scholars to be evidence of acts of damnatio memoriae (condemning a person by erasure from recorded existence) by Thutmose III. (ca. Until 1996, Jadwiga Lipińska headed the team; since 2008, Monika Dolińska directs the work. "Deir el-Bahari, Temple of Thutmosis III", "Świątynia Totmesa III w Deir el-Bahari i jej odkrywcy", A new double foundation deposit in the Hathor Shrine of Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Bahari. During this period of no opposition, Thutmose put up a second stele commemorating his crossing of the Euphrates next to the stele his grandfather, Thutmose I, had put up several decades earlier. He was the first pharaoh after Thutmose I to cross the Euphrates, doing so during his campaign against Mitanni. Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes) was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. [30] Thutmose's third campaign was not considered significant enough to appear in his otherwise extensive Annals at Karnak. Thutmose moved his troops by land up the coastal road and put down rebellions in the Arka plain ("Arkantu" in Thutmose's chronicle) and moved on Tunip. p.54. A ridge of mountains jutting inland from Mount Carmel stood between Thutmose and Megiddo and he had three potential routes to take. [21] The northern route and the southern route, both of which went around the mountain, were judged by his council of war to be the safest, but Thutmose, in an act of great bravery (or so he boasts, but such self-praise is normal in Egyptian texts), accused the council of cowardice and took a dangerous route[22] through the Aruna mountain pass, which he alleged was only wide enough for the army to pass "horse after horse and man after man. [39] To stop such rebellions, Thutmose began taking hostages from the cities in Syria. Unlike many other examples from the Deir el-Bahri Cache, the wooden mummiform coffin that contained the body was original to the pharaoh, though any gilding or decoration it might have had had been hacked off in antiquity. ), Seventy years of Polish archaeology in Egypt. Thereafter, the site was apparently plundered of its sandstone building blocks for the construction of other projects. Saltar al contenido Thutmosis III Temple Project El proyecto en los Medios Desde que comenzamos en 2008 han sido muchos los medios de comunicación que se han hecho eco de nuestro trabajo. East of the main sanctuary, he built a jubilee hall in which to celebrate his Sed festival. "[15] He is recorded to have captured 350 cities during his rule and conquered much of the Near East from the Euphrates to Nubia during seventeen known military campaigns. [1] The temple was built in the last decade of Tuthmosis III’s reign, i.e., about 1435–1425 BC. In the Iput-isut, the temple proper in the center, he rebuilt the hypostyle hall of his grandfather Thutmose I, dismantled the red chapel of Hatshepsut, built Pylon VI, a shrine for the bark of Amun in its place, and built an antechamber in front of it, the ceiling of which was supported by his heraldic pillars. When the Hyksos invaded and took over Egypt with more advanced weapons, such as horse-drawn chariots, the people of Egypt learned to use these weapons. [5] Work was resumed in 1978 to reconstruct the decoration of the temple.[3]. [66] Another often overlooked fact is that Hatshepsut was not the only one who received this treatment. [55] His final Asian campaign is better documented. Chr.) In his examination of the mummy, the anatomist Grafton Elliot Smith stated the height of Thutmose III's mummy to be 1.615m (5 ft. [18] In most of his campaigns, his enemies were defeated town by town until being beaten into submission. He sailed directly to Byblos[43] and made boats which he took with him over land on what appeared to otherwise be just another tour of Syria,[39] and he proceeded with the usual raiding and pillaging as he moved north through the lands he had already taken. Immediately to the south of the main temple, he built the seventh pylon on the north–south road which entered the temple between the fourth and fifth pylons. When Thutmose III died, he was buried in the Valley of the Kings, as were the rest of the kings from this period in Egypt. Fighting Pharaohs: Weapons and warfare in ancient Egypt. Thutmose III found that by taking family members of these key people to Egypt as hostages, he could drastically increase their loyalty to him. "[62] The tekhen waty was designed to stand alone instead as part of a pair and is the tallest obelisk ever successfully cut. [45] His 11th is presumed to have happened in his 36th regnal year and his 12th is presumed to have happened in his 37th year since his 13th is mentioned at Karnak as happening in his 38th regnal year. [52] After this campaign, the numbers given by Thutmose's scribes to his campaigns all fall in lacunae, so they can only be counted by date. [9] A papyrus from Amenhotep I's reign records this astronomical observation which theoretically could be used to perfectly correlate the Egyptian chronology with the modern calendar; however, to do this the latitude where the observation was taken must also be known. [60], Thutmose dedicated far more attention to Karnak than any other site. On the other pillar is a unique image depicting Thutmosis III being suckled by the goddess Isis in the guise of the tree. Thutmose III reigned from 1479 BC to 1425 BC according to the Low Chronology of Ancient Egypt. [58] Although not directly pertaining to his monuments, it appears that Thutmose's artisans had learned glass making skills, developed in the early 18th Dynasty, to create drinking vessels by the core-formed method. [38] This left the cities in Syria desperately impoverished. Lipinska, Jadwiga. Musée de Louqsor. [citation needed], Currently, the purposeful destruction of the memory of Hatshepsut is seen as a measure designed to ensure a smooth succession for the son of Thutmose III, the future Amenhotep II, as opposed to any of the surviving relatives of Hatshepsut who had an equal or better claim to the throne. Rien ne prouve, en fait, une quelconque haine de ce dernier par rapport à sa tante. "Thutmose III," p.402. Media in category "Mortuary Temple of Thutmosis III" The following 13 files are in this category, out of 13 total. Thutmose marched his troops through the coastal plain as far as Jamnia, then inland to Yehem, a small city near Megiddo, which he reached in the middle of the ninth month of the same year. Thutmose's tomb (KV34) was discovered by Victor Loret in 1898 in the Valley of the Kings. Ce programme a également pris en compte les « magasins À la mort de Thoutmosis II, l'héritier légitime Thoutmosis III (env. Sanctuaire oriental de Thoutmosis III Chapelle au nord de l’obélisque Chapelle au sud de l’obélisque Fragments of walls covered with relief decoration were preserved. [59] East of the road, he dug a sacred lake of 250 by 400 feet and placed another alabaster bark shrine near it. À la fin de sa vie, il partage vraisemblablement le pouvoir, de son plein gré cette fois-ci, avec le futur Amenhotep II, fils de la Grande épouse royale Mérytrê-Hatchepsout. [38] Syria rebelled again in Thutmose's 31st year and he returned to Syria for his seventh campaign, took the port city of Ullaza[38] and the smaller Phoenician ports[39] and took more measures to prevent further rebellions. This has been the conventional Egyptian chronology in academic circles since the 1960s,[7] though in some circles the older dates 1504 BC to 1450 BC are preferred from the High Chronology of Egypt. The larger part of the temple is positioned above the level of the upper terrace of the temple of Hatshepsut and rests on a roughly square platform partially cut from the rock and partially constructed of loose stones, supported by a stone revetment. [66] Later, Amenhotep II even claimed that he had built the items he defaced. The colouring is similarly muted, executed in simple black figures accompanied by text on a cream background with highlights in red and pink. Thus, two obelisks of Tuthmosis III's Karnak temple stand in Papal Rome and in Caesaropapist Constantinople, the two main historical capitals of the Roman Empire. Manchester: Peartree. [44] It appears that Mitanni was not expecting an invasion, so they had no army of any kind ready to defend against Thutmose, although their ships on the Euphrates did try to defend against the Egyptian crossing. The main hall was built in basilica style with rows of pillars supporting the ceiling on each side of the aisle. Although he followed the traditional relief styles for most of his reign, after his 42nd year he began having himself depicted wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt and a šndyt-kilt, an unprecedented style. [12] The day of Thutmose III's accession is known to be I Shemu day four, and astronomical observations can be used to establish the exact dates of the beginning and end of the king's reign (assuming the low chronology) from 28 April 1479 BC to 11 March 1425 BC respectively.[13]. His army also carried boats on dry land. [6], Lipińska, J. It was not, however, erected until Thutmose IV raised it[62] 35 years later. [73] The mummy of Thutmose III resided in the Royal Mummies Hall of the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, catalog number 61068. [29] This permitted him to ship supplies and troops between Syria and Egypt. [2] It was destroyed, probably by an earthquake, at the beginning of the Twenty-first Dynasty. [70] Maspero's description of the body provides an idea as to the magnitude of the damage done: Of the face, which was undamaged, Maspero says the following: Maspero was so disheartened at the state of the mummy and the prospect that all of the other mummies were similarly damaged (as it turned out, few were in so poor a state) that he would not unwrap another for several years.[70]. (1984). [53] Only the tribute list remains from Thutmose's next campaign,[54] and nothing may be deduced about it except that it was probably another raid to the frontiers around Niy. AbydosDynasty His firstborn son and heir to the throne, Amenemhat, predeceased Thutmose III. Sometime before Thutmose's 42nd year, Mitanni apparently began spreading revolt among all the major cities in Syria. Thutmose's architects and artisans showed great continuity with the formal style of previous kings, but several developments set him apart from his predecessors. [35], The fifth, sixth and seventh campaigns of Thutmose III were directed against the Phoenician cities in Syria and against Kadesh on the Orontes. Architecture of the Temple of Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Bahari. This date corresponds to 9 May 1457 BC based on Thutmose III's accession in 1479 BC. [8] These dates, just as all the dates of the Eighteenth Dynasty, are open to dispute because of uncertainty about the circumstances surrounding the recording of a Heliacal Rise of Sothis in the reign of Amenhotep I. Le Temple de Thoutmosis III à Deir el-Bahari a été essentiellement consacrée au dieu Amon, à la fois sous la forme d'Amon-Rê et Amun-Kamutef, et probablement Science History Images / … Although Thutmose III was a co-regent during this time, early historians have speculated that Thutmose III never forgave his stepmother for denying him access to the throne for the first two decades of his reign. While he was shown first on surviving monuments, both were assigned the usual royal names and insignia and neither is given any obvious seniority over the other. Rafał Czerner. He built a temenos wall around the central chapel containing smaller chapels, along with workshops and storerooms. [4] The remains of the temple of Tuthmosis III were uncovered in the years 1962–67. He engaged and destroyed three surrounding Mitannian garrisons and returned to Egypt in victory. The older Egyptologists, most recently Ed. Le mur extérieur est une enceinte en grès et en calcaire, construite par Thoutmosis III, qui entoure le cœur du temple d’Amon-Rê, depuis le IV e pylône au sud jusqu’au V e pylône au nord. Deir el-Bahari – Temple of Tuthmosis III. Thoutmosis III a commandé plus de 50 temples, de nombreuses tombes, des monuments, et a contribué de manière plus significative au temple d'Amon à Karnak que tout autre pharaon. While he was shown first on surviving monuments, both were assigned the usual ro… D'une hauteur de 1,92 mètre, large de 64 cm et profonde de 1,33 mètre, la statue provient de Thèbes avec la collection Drovetti. Hatshepsut became his regent, soon his co-regent, and shortly thereafter declared herself to be the pharaoh while never denying kingship to Thutmose III. However, recent research by scholars such as Charles Nims and Peter Dorman has re-examined these erasures and found that the acts of erasure which could be dated only began some time during year 46 or 47 of Thutmose's reign (c. 1433/2 BC). Sur les murs du temple de Karnak, Thoutmosis III relata la prise de Guézer. [19] Thutmose III mustered his own army and departed Egypt, passing through the border fortress of Tjaru (Sile) on the 25th day of the eighth month.
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