Pour assurer un meilleur déroulement des travaux de rénovation de la salle des Etats et pour préserver les conditions d’accueil et de visite, le musée du Louvre a décidé de déplacer exceptionnellement la Joconde dans la Galerie Médicis, située au 2e étage de l’aile Richelieu (salle 801) du 17 juillet jusqu’à la fin du chantier, début octobre 2019. [123] The Mona Lisa was regarded as "just another Leonardo until early last century, when the scandal of the painting's theft from the Louvre and subsequent return kept a spotlight on it over several years. The Mona Lisa is one of the most valuable paintings in the world. Accrochée dans le Salon Carré du Louvre, elle connaissait déjà un certain succès, protégée par un verre inséré dans le cadre. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), the painting was moved from the Louvre to the Brest Arsenal. [96], The Mona Lisa has survived for more than 500 years, and an international commission convened in 1952 noted that "the picture is in a remarkable state of preservation. Date de création 1930. It became the definitive example of the Renaissance portrait and perhaps for this reason is seen not just as the likeness of a real person, but also as the embodiment of an ideal. Joconde is the central database created in 1975 and now available online, maintained by the French Ministry of Culture, for objects in the collections of the main French public and private museums listed as Musées de France, according to article L. 441-1 of the Code du patrimoine amouting to more than 1,200 institutions. Both were later exonerated. [63], At some point, the Mona Lisa was removed from its original frame. À propos de la notice. L'attribution du dessin à l'entourage de Léonard de Vinci se fonde à l'origine sur le témoignage d'Antonio de Beatis, secrétaire du cardinal Louis d'Aragon. A detailed analysis in 1933 by Madame de Gironde revealed that earlier restorers had "acted with a great deal of restraint. Cet oeuvre d'art est sous la responsabilité de Cécile Scailliérez ( conservateur )jusqu'en 2006, novembre 2006 au collectionneur et conservateur Vincent Delieuvin qui s'occupe des peintures italiennes du XVIème siècle. Localisation. Some researchers claim that it was common at this time for genteel women to pluck these hairs, as they were considered unsightly. [50][51][52][a], Circa 1505,[54] Raphael executed a pen-and-ink sketch, in which the columns flanking the subject are more apparent. C’est la lumière qui définit les volumes, les contours sont estompés, la peinture est recouverte de glacis colorés qui vitrifient le tableau. [28] Zöllner notes that the sitter's general position can be traced back to Flemish models and that "in particular the vertical slices of columns at both sides of the panel had precedents in Flemish portraiture. Walter Pater's famous essay of 1869 described the sitter as "older than the rocks among which she sits; like the vampire, she has been dead many times, and learned the secrets of the grave; and has been a diver in the deep seas, and keeps their fallen day about her. Cette représentation remonterait alors aux années 1513-1516, alors que Léonard travaillait au service de Julie… A small number of the best known objects have a prose commentary. "[110], By the early 20th century, some critics started to feel the painting had become a repository for subjective exegeses and theories. Salon carré du Louvre en 1909. Après un siècle de relative tranquillité, la Joconde est volée le 21 août 1911. The soft blending creates an ambiguous mood "mainly in two features: the corners of the mouth, and the corners of the eyes". La Joconde 1 La Joconde La Joconde La Joconde, musée du Louvre. In 1883, Le rire, an image of a Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, by Sapeck (Eugène Bataille), was shown at the "Incoherents" show in Paris. [92][71] The underlying portrait appears to be of a model looking to the side, and lacks flanking columns,[94] but does not fit with historical descriptions of the painting. Statut juridique. In 1985, the spot was again treated with carbon tetrachloride as a preventive measure. Zollner states that "None of Leonardo's works would exert more influence upon the evolution of the genre than the Mona Lisa. The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation. [118] Andy Warhol created serigraph prints of multiple Mona Lisas, called Thirty Are Better than One, following the painting's visit to the United States in 1963. French poet Guillaume Apollinaire came under suspicion and was arrested and imprisoned. "[123] While exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the painting was nearly drenched in water because of a faulty sprinkler, but the painting's bullet-proof glass case protected it. The woman appears alive to an unusual extent, which Leonardo achieved by his method of not drawing outlines (sfumato). [62], The record of an October 1517 visit by Louis d'Aragon states that the Mona Lisa was executed for the deceased Giuliano de' Medici, Leonardo's steward at the Belvedere Palace between 1513 and 1516[65][66][b]—but this was likely an error. Le tableau est vraisemblablement acheté par François Ierlui-même, qu… [14], The Mona Lisa bears a strong resemblance to many Renaissance depictions of the Virgin Mary, who was at that time seen as an ideal for womanhood. Le 16 octobre, la Joconde devrait regagner ses pénates, juste avant l’ouverture, le 24, de la grande exposition consacrée à Léonard, qui promet encore une affluence record. [130], In 2014, 9.3 million people visited the Louvre. [31], The painting was one of the first portraits to depict the sitter in front of an imaginary landscape, and Leonardo was one of the first painters to use aerial perspective. [114][115], The avant-garde art world has made note of the Mona Lisa's undeniable popularity. [3] It was kept at the Palace of Fontainebleau until Louis XIV moved it to the Palace of Versailles, where it remained until the French Revolution. The database is not only dedicated to the information of the public but as well to the needs of the administrators and curators of the museums, thanks to the online presentation of professional tools to facilitate notably the museums collections cataloguing and state inventory (récolement). It comes under the "Direction des Musées de France" (DMF) section of the Ministry. Il peindra à la même époque Saint Jean-Baptiste, Sainte-Anne. He analyzed the painting in the Louvre with reflective light technology beginning in 2004, and produced circumstantial evidence for his theory. Peruggia may have been motivated by an associate whose copies of the original would significantly rise in value after the painting's theft. [6] The painting's novel qualities include the subject's enigmatic expression,[7] the monumentality of the composition, the subtle modelling of forms, and the atmospheric illusionism. [105], On the 500th anniversary of the master's death, the Louvre held the largest ever single exhibit of Da Vinci works, from 24 October 2019 to 24 February 2020. [147], Copy of Mona Lisa commonly attributed to Salaì, 16th-century copy at the Hermitage by unknown artist, This article is about the painting. 1506). "[12][13] Mona in Italian is a polite form of address originating as ma donna – similar to Ma'am, Madam, or my lady in English. [18][71][72] At some point in the 16th century, a varnish was applied to the painting. Image réduite : [63], Because the Mona Lisa's poplar support expands and contracts with changes in humidity, the picture has experienced some warping. [103] The renovation of the gallery where the painting now resides was financed by the Japanese broadcaster Nippon Television. "[109], Early commentators such as Vasari and André Félibien praised the picture for its realism, but by the Victorian era, writers began to regard the Mona Lisa as imbued with a sense of mystery and romance. [135] The Prado's conclusion that the painting is probably by Salaì (1480–1524) or by Melzi (1493–1572) has been called into question by others. ", "Hidden portrait 'found under Mona Lisa', says French scientist", "Secret Portrait Hidden Under Mona Lisa, Claims French Scientist", "New Study Reveals Potentially Groundbreaking Drawing Hidden Beneath 'Mona Lisa, "Why Leonardo da Vinci's brilliance endures, 500 years after his death", "Biographical index of collectors of pastels", "Mona Lisa fans decry brief encounter with their idol in Paris", "Leonardo da Vinci's Unexamined Life as a Painter", "Louvre exhibit has most da Vinci paintings ever assembled", "Philadelphia Museum of Art - Collections Object : Tea Time (Woman with a Teaspoon)", "Mona Lisa: Who is Hidden Behind the Woman with the Mustache? The current scholarly consensus on attribution is unclear. For other uses, see, Vacant wall in the Louvre's Salon Carré after the painting was stolen in 1911. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic itself, on permanent display at the Louvre, Paris since 1797.[10]. La Joconde (1503-1506). [67][c] According to Vasari, the painting was created for the model's husband, Francesco del Giocondo. Référence. [142] Some experts, including Frank Zöllner, Martin Kemp and Luke Syson denied the attribution;[143][144] professors such as Salvatore Lorusso, Andrea Natali,[145] and John F Asmus supported it;[146] others like Alessandro Vezzosi and Carlo Pedretti were uncertain. However, since its restoration in 2012, it is considered to have been executed by one of Leonardo's pupils in his studio at the same time as Mona Lisa was being painted. La Joconde. Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1524, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named la Gioconda, a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo. Il est 7 heure du matin, nous sommes le lundi 21 août 1911. The edges of the painting have been trimmed at least once in its history to fit the picture into various frames, but no part of the original paint layer has been trimmed. Si la Joconde a été peinte en Italie entre 1503 et 1506, elle quittera son pays d'origine avec son créateur pour suivre François Ier, de passage dans le pays en raison des guerres d'Italie. It is displayed in a purpose-built, climate-controlled enclosure behind bulletproof glass. Dimensions 61,5 x 49,5 cm Impression : 48 x 33 cm. Le voleur est un vitrier italien qui avait travaillé au Louvre lors de l'encadrement du tableau. Qui est donc Mona Lisa ? Profitant de la fermeture du musée, il s'approche de La Joconde sans difficulté. Salvador Dalí, famous for his surrealist work, painted Self portrait as Mona Lisa in 1954. Leonardo began to be revered as a genius, and the painting's popularity grew in the mid-19th century when French intelligentsia praised it as mysterious and a representation of the femme fatale. Domaine Dessin: Description Ready-made rectifié. The work involved cleaning with spirits, touch-up of colour, and revarnishing the painting. [91][92][93] Cotte admits that his investigation was only carried out only in support of his hypotheses and should not be considered as definitive proof. [21] Several other women have been proposed as the subject of the painting. During the 20th century it was an object for mass reproduction, merchandising, lampooning and speculation, and was claimed to have been reproduced in "300 paintings and 2,000 advertisements". In 1919, Marcel Duchamp, one of the most influential modern artists, created L.H.O.O.Q., a Mona Lisa parody made by adorning a cheap reproduction with a moustache and goatee. Both Vasari and Gian Paolo Lomazzo describe the subject as smiling,[12][95] unlike the subject in Cotte's supposed portrait. [133], In 2014, a France 24 article suggested that the painting could be sold to help ease the national debt, although it was noted that the Mona Lisa and other such art works were prohibited from being sold due to French heritage law, which states that "Collections held in museums that belong to public bodies are considered public property and cannot be otherwise. One is moved, troubled ... repressed desires, hopes that drive one to despair, stir painfully." [80] He carried out the theft by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet, and walking out with the painting hidden under his coat after the museum had closed. Il a alors acquis une grande réputation. Il est connu en partie pour son sourire énigmatique. [111] Upon the painting's theft in 1911, Renaissance historian Bernard Berenson admitted that it had "simply become an incubus, and [he] was glad to be rid of her. Il vit de contrats que les plus grands lui passent. [37], There has been much speculation regarding the painting's model and landscape. Mais il ne l’a certainement jamais eu en sa possession. [73] The Mona Lisa was not widely known outside the art world, but in the 1860s, a portion of the French intelligentsia began to hail it as a masterwork of Renaissance painting. Technique Mine graphite sur héliogravure. Il est d’usage de parler de la Joconde comme d’une œuvre que Léonard de Vinciinvité par le roi François Ier aurait amenée avec lui en France. After the second 1956 attack, restorer Jean-Gabriel Goulinat was directed to touch up the damage to Mona Lisa's left elbow with watercolour. [25][26][27] The consensus of art historians in the 21st century maintains the long-held traditional opinion that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo. This became madonna, and its contraction mona. [74] [citation needed], The Mona Lisa has had many different decorative frames in its history, owing to changes in taste over the centuries. Elle ne prend résidence au Louvre qu’en 1797. Behind her, a vast landscape recedes to icy mountains. Raphael, who had been to Leonardo's workshop several times, promptly used elements of the portrait's composition and format in several of his works, such as Young Woman with Unicorn (c. 1506),[108] and Portrait of Maddalena Doni (c. [20], Peruggia was an Italian patriot who believed that Leonardo's painting should have been returned to an Italian museum. [81] Decker published this account of the theft in 1932.[83]. ", "In Louvre, New Room With View of 'Mona Lisa, "A Record Picasso and the Hype Price of Status Objects", "Another art anniversary: Mona Lisa comes to New York! [90], In the early 21st century, French scientist Pascal Cotte hypothesized a hidden portrait underneath the surface of the painting. Histoire des arts : Léonard de Vinci/La Joconde La Joconde – Léonard de Vinci ( 1503 – 1506 ) Artiste : La Joconde a été réalisée par Léonard De Vinci entre 1503 et 1506. Certains spécialistes annoncent une date comprise entre 1503 et 1506, d’autres l’attribuent à une période plus tardive, allant de 1513 à 1519. [45] Although the Louvre states that it was "doubtless painted between 1503 and 1506",[8] art historian Martin Kemp says that there are some difficulties in confirming the dates with certainty. Selon lui, le peintre aurait présenté au prélat napolitain, lors d'une visite au Château du Clos Lucé le 10 octobre 1517, une peinture représentant « une certaine dame florentine faite au naturel sur les instances de feu le Magnifique Julien de Médicis ». L’œuvre est une peinture à l'huile sur un panneau de bois de peuplier, mesurant 77 × 53 cm. heydenrich 6 ; ottino della chiesa 31 ; villot i 484 ; hautecoeur 1601 ; c.s.i. The unconstrained poplar panel warped freely with changes in humidity, and as a result, a crack developed near the top of the panel, extending down to the hairline of the figure. Son plus célèbre tableau, le portrait de Mona Lisa, a été réalisé en superposant plusieurs couches de peinture, reproduisant le modelé et le rendu de la peau avec un réalisme incroyable. The Mona Lisa (/ˌmoʊnə ˈliːsə/; Italian: Monna Lisa [ˈmɔnna ˈliːza] or La Gioconda [la dʒoˈkonda]; French: La Joconde [la ʒɔkɔ̃d]) is a half-length portrait painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. [14], In response to the announcement of the discovery of this document, Vincent Delieuvin, the Louvre representative, stated "Leonardo da Vinci was painting, in 1503, the portrait of a Florentine lady by the name of Lisa del Giocondo. Some argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the Mona Lisa referred to by Vasari. Aujourd'hui, 2008 la Joconde se trouve dans une salle rénovée au Louvre ou elle fait face au tableau de Véronèse " Les noces de Cana ". The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled Mona (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelle… [57][56][69][70] Others believe that there was only one true Mona Lisa, but are divided as to the two aforementioned fates. [128] In New York, an estimated 1.7 million people queued "in order to cast a glance at the Mona Lisa for 20 seconds or so. analyse d'un tableau : la Joconde . Vasari's account of the Mona Lisa comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death. Secteur de collection 1981, p 192 L'histoire du vol de La Joconde est en fait un coup de foudre entre un certain Vincenzo Peruggia et la mystérieuse Mona Lisa. This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo. [131] Former director Henri Loyrette reckoned that "80 percent of the people only want to see the Mona Lisa. "[38] Some art historians in Eastern art, such as Yukio Yashiro, argue that the landscape in the background of the picture was influenced by Chinese paintings,[39] but this thesis has been contested for lack of clear evidence. [76] On 21 August 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre. "La Joconde" is the French name of the Mona Lisa, which like about half of the collections of the Louvre, is included in the database, as one of 295 items by (42 including 6 paintings), after, or connected with Leonardo da Vinci. The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled Mona (as used by Vasari),[12] is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as Monna Lisa (mona being a vulgarity in some Italian dialects), but this is rare in English. Copie de la Joconde de Léonard de Vinci, conservée au musée du Louvre. [86] On 2 August 2009, a Russian woman, distraught over being denied French citizenship, threw a ceramic teacup purchased at the Louvre; the vessel shattered against the glass enclosure. To compensate for fluctuations in relative humidity, the case is supplemented with a bed of silica gel treated to provide 55% relative humidity. After some confusion as to whether the painting was being photographed somewhere, the Louvre was closed for a week for investigation. En effet, Léonard, invité à la cour de François Ier en 1517, l’emporte sans doute avec lui en France où il meurt deux ans plus tard au Clos Lucé, à Amboise. In 1909, the art collector Comtesse de Béhague gave the portrait its current frame,[101] a Renaissance-era work consistent with the historical period of the Mona Lisa. He also found that in one layer the subject was depicted wearing numerous hairpins and a headdress adorned with pearls which was later scrubbed out and overpainted. [22] Isabella of Aragon,[23] Cecilia Gallerani,[24] Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla,[22] Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, Bianca Giovanna Sforza—even Salaì and Leonardo himself—are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting. [81] After having kept the Mona Lisa in his apartment for two years, Peruggia grew impatient and was caught when he attempted to sell it to Giovanni Poggi, director of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. [28] The woman sits markedly upright in a "pozzetto" armchair with her arms folded, a sign of her reserved posture. Experts universally agree that it is based on Leonardo's portrait. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joconde&oldid=996373560, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 05:14. The insurance was not purchased; instead, more was spent on security. ", "Second Mona Lisa Unveiled for First Time in 40 Years", "The Isleworth Mona Lisa: A second Leonardo masterpiece? [92][71] In 2020, Cotte published a study alleging that the canvas has a underdrawing, which seems to have been transferred from a preparatory drawing by depositing charcoal in tiny holes. As a result, it was thought that the Mona Lisa had been trimmed. [78][79] The real culprit was Louvre employee Vincenzo Peruggia, who had helped construct the painting's glass case. [44] He had begun working on a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo, the model of the Mona Lisa, by October 1503. ", "The 'Prado Mona Lisa' – The Mona Lisa Foundation", "Da Vinci's Mona Lisa Entering the Next Dimension", Tweened animated gif of Mona Lisa and Prado version, "Depth Perception and the History of Three-Dimensional Art: Who Produced the First Stereoscopic Images? [54][57][56][69] The hypothetical first portrait, displaying prominent columns, would have been commissioned by Giocondo circa 1503, and left unfinished in Leonardo's pupil and assistant Salaì's possession until his death in 1524. [113] André Salmon subsequently described the painting as "The Mona Lisa of Cubism". Avec "La Joconde", j’étais persuadé que ce n’était pas possible car elle a les bras pliés contrairement aux Playmobil. [33] The enigmatic woman is portrayed seated in what appears to be an open loggia with dark pillar bases on either side. "[63] Nevertheless, applications of varnish made to the painting had darkened even by the end of the 16th century, and an aggressive 1809 cleaning and revarnishing removed some of the uppermost portion of the paint layer, resulting in a washed-out appearance to the face of the figure.
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